So I needed to test some settings between CentOS 6 + Apache Tomcat 6 + Java 6 and CentOS 7 + Tomcat7 + Java 8. Best way I found to do these quick tests is to build them in docker: write a quick dockerfile, spool it up, test, and blow it up.
Now, when I built and ran the tomcat 6 + CentOS 6 + Java 6 setup by connecting to the container and manually starting tomcat by typing
service tomcat6 startIt worked fine. So I then built the tomcat 7 + CentOS 7 + Java 8, and tried to start it
[root@tomcat ~]# systemctl start tomcat.service Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted [root@tomcat ~]#
Since systemd could not start it, and I could not figure out why (I do not take solace knowing I am not the only one), I tried starting it even more manually:
[root@tomcat /]# /usr/sbin/tomcat start /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 21: .: /etc/sysconfig/: is a directory /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 39: /logs/catalina.out: No such file or directory [root@tomcat /]#
This is the time to do what everyone does at a time like this: look for answers online. All I got was someone asking the very same question. It seems if we want some answers we will need do more exploring on our own.
With that in mind, let's see those two lines we are being barked about:
[root@tomcat /]# sed -n '21p' /usr/sbin/tomcat
. /etc/sysconfig/${NAME}
[root@tomcat /]# sed -n '39p' /usr/sbin/tomcat
${JAVACMD} $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
[root@tomcat /]#Not much help here, but we will revisit that later. First, let's run the bash script again, but this time in a debugging (-x) mode:
[root@tomcat /]# bash -x /usr/sbin/tomcat start + '[' -r /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions ']' + . /usr/share/java-utils/java-functions ++ _load_java_conf ++ local IFS=: ++ local java_home_save= ++ local java_opts_save= ++ local javaconfdir ++ local conf ++ unset _javadirs ++ unset _jvmdirs ++ set -- /etc/java ++ _log 'Java config directories are:' ++ '[' -n '' ']' ++ for javaconfdir in '"$@"' ++ _log ' * /etc/java' ++ '[' -n '' ']' ++ for javaconfdir in '"$@"' ++ conf=/etc/java/java.conf ++ '[' '!' -f /etc/java/java.conf ']' ++ local IFS ++ local JAVA_LIBDIR ++ local JNI_LIBDIR ++ local JVM_ROOT ++ '[' -f /etc/java/java.conf ']' ++ _log 'Loading config file: /etc/java/java.conf' ++ '[' -n '' ']' ++ . /etc/java/java.conf +++ JAVA_LIBDIR=/usr/share/java +++ JNI_LIBDIR=/usr/lib/java +++ JVM_ROOT=/usr/lib/jvm ++ _javadirs=/usr/share/java:/usr/lib/java ++ _jvmdirs=/usr/lib/jvm ++ _load_java_conf_file /root/.java/java.conf ++ local IFS ++ local JAVA_LIBDIR ++ local JNI_LIBDIR ++ local JVM_ROOT ++ '[' -f /root/.java/java.conf ']' ++ _log 'Skipping config file /root/.java/java.conf: file does not exist' ++ '[' -n '' ']' ++ _javadirs=/usr/share/java:/usr/lib/java ++ _jvmdirs=/usr/lib/jvm ++ '[' -d '' ']' ++ '[' -n '' ']' ++ '[' _ '!=' _off -a -f /usr/lib/abrt-java-connector/libabrt-java-connector.so -a -f /var/run/abrt/abrtd.pid ']' ++ _log 'ABRT Java connector is disabled' ++ '[' -n '' ']' + '[' -z '' ']' + TOMCAT_CFG=/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf + '[' -r /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf ']' + . /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf ++ TOMCAT_CFG_LOADED=1 ++ TOMCATS_BASE=/var/lib/tomcats/ ++ JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre ++ CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat ++ CATALINA_TMPDIR=/var/cache/tomcat/temp ++ SECURITY_MANAGER=false + '[' -r /etc/sysconfig/ ']' + . /etc/sysconfig/ /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 21: .: /etc/sysconfig/: is a directory + set_javacmd + local IFS + local cmd + '[' -x '' ']' + set_jvm + local IFS=: + local cmd + local cmds + _set_java_home + local IFS=: + local jvmdir + local subdir + local subdirs + '[' -n /usr/lib/jvm/jre ']' + '[' -z '' ']' ++ readlink -f /usr/lib/jvm/jre/.. + JVM_ROOT=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.101-3.b13.el7_2.x86_64 + return + '[' -n /usr/lib/jvm/jre ']' + return + for cmd in jre/sh/java bin/java + JAVACMD=/usr/lib/jvm/jre/jre/sh/java + '[' -x /usr/lib/jvm/jre/jre/sh/java ']' + for cmd in jre/sh/java bin/java + JAVACMD=/usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java + '[' -x /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java ']' + _log 'Using configured JAVACMD: /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java' + '[' -n '' ']' + '[' -n '' ']' + return 0 + cd /usr/share/tomcat + '[' '!' -z '' ']' + '[' -n '' ']' + CLASSPATH=/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar + CLASSPATH=/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-jul i.jar ++ build-classpath commons-daemon + CLASSPATH=/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-jul i.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-daemon.jar + '[' start = start ']' + '[' '!' -z '' ']' [root@tomcat /]# + /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java -classpath /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bo otstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-daemon .jar -Dcatalina.base= -Dcatalina.home=/usr/share/tomcat -Djava.endorsed.dirs= -D java.io.tmpdir=/var/cache/tomcat/temp -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/conf/logg ing.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 39: /logs/catalina.out: No such file or directory [root@tomcat /]#
If you never ran a bash script with the -x option, you should since it shows the steps being performed by the script, including tests, as it runs. For instance, you can see it starts by learning a lot about the current Java installation. After that, it loads some file, TOMCAT_CFG=/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf, and then gives the first error message:
+ TOMCAT_CFG=/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf + '[' -r /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf ']' + . /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf ++ TOMCAT_CFG_LOADED=1 ++ TOMCATS_BASE=/var/lib/tomcats/ ++ JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre ++ CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat ++ CATALINA_TMPDIR=/var/cache/tomcat/temp ++ SECURITY_MANAGER=false + '[' -r /etc/sysconfig/ ']' + . /etc/sysconfig/ /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 21: .: /etc/sysconfig/: is a directoryNow, /etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf (same thing as /usr/share/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf) defines a few global (to tomcat) to variables. The top of the file also explains it is the file where you should define variables that are custom to your system but global to all tomcat instances being run here. For instance, when I built the tomcat6 container, I had
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jdk1.6.0_41"
because that was the specific java version I wanted to run. Now, if we look not only at line 21 in /usr/sbin/tomcat but also around said line, we can see it wants to load a file in /etc/sysconfig
# Get instance specific config file
if [ -r "/etc/sysconfig/${NAME}" ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/${NAME}
fiIf we look at /etc/sysconfig,
[root@tomcat ~]# ls /etc/sysconfig/ network network-scripts rdisc tomcat [root@tomcat ~]#
It sure makes me think that $NAME = "tomcat" and $NAME is not defined.
For the second error message we should examine the following lines
[root@tomcat /]# + /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java -classpath /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bo otstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-daemon .jar -Dcatalina.base= -Dcatalina.home=/usr/share/tomcat -Djava.endorsed.dirs= -D java.io.tmpdir=/var/cache/tomcat/temp -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/conf/logg ing.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start /usr/sbin/tomcat: line 39: /logs/catalina.out: No such file or directory
That really looks like it wants to write to the log file catalina.out but can't find it. So we take a look at the lines around line 39:
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
${JAVACMD} $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
-Djava.util.logging.config.file="${CATALINA_BASE}/conf/logging.properties" \
-Djava.util.logging.manager="org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start \
>> ${CATALINA_BASE}/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
echo $! > $CATALINA_PID
fiwhere we find the line
>> ${CATALINA_BASE}/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &That makes me think that the $CATALINA_BASE = "/usr/share/tomcat" since
[root@tomcat ~]# ls /usr/share/tomcat/logs/ catalina.out [root@tomcat ~]#
Now, /etc/sysconfig/tomcat knows about $CATALINA_BASE even though it really does not define it (commented out):
#CATALINA_BASE="/usr/share/tomcat"
Sounds like we need to define $NAME and $CATALINA_BASE somewhere. My vote would be for
/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf because it claims it is where we put custom stuff.
# For tomcat.service it's /etc/sysconfig/tomcat, for # tomcat@instance it's /etc/sysconfig/tomcat@instance. # THE TWO LINES I MENTIONED IN THE ARTICLE NAME="tomcat" CATALINA_BASE="/usr/share/tomcat" # This variable is used to figure out if config is loaded or not. TOMCAT_CFG_LOADED="1" # In new-style instances, if CATALINA_BASE isn't specified, it will # be constructed by joining TOMCATS_BASE and NAME. TOMCATS_BASE="/var/lib/tomcats/"
After that, I was able to start it and verify it was indeed running
[root@tomcat tomcat]# ps -ef|grep tomcat root 352 1 8 13:09 ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java -classpath /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-daemon.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/share/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/share/tomcat -Djava.endorsed.dirs= -Djava.io.tmpdir=/var/cache/tomcat/temp -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/share/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 372 1 0 13:09 ? 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat [root@tomcat tomcat]#
I wrote a shorter version of this article as a reply to the question I found online and mentioned earlier in this article. I hope it will be useful to the original poster.
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